Caring about our future

Mind over Pregnancy

For all those anxious couples who are desperately trying to get pregnant, here is some food for thought.

Where no physiological obstacle exists, why then should it prove so difficult for some women to fall pregnant?  And, in many cases, where adoption has been the last resort, as soon as the newly adopted baby has settled in the new mother falls pregnant, why should this be?

I believe that the cause, in most cases, is due to anxiety.  This may seem trite or superficial, and many may argue that the anxiety they experience is as a result of not getting pregnant, and not the other way around.  However, anxiety may manifest in many different ways, and may be triggered by a variety of situations or events.  For instance, it emerged that one young woman I was working with was very afraid of gaining weight.  This attitude came from her mother, who had described being pregnant as like being an 'elephant', hideous, uncomfortable, ungainly and generally undesirable.  Despite the young woman's logic and rational thoughts, and very positive attitude towards pregnancy, noticing how radiantly happy most women look, this message from her early years was firmly locked into place. Another woman really enjoyed her freedom, and, despite the biological clock ticking away, this created an inner conflict - result?  Anxiety. 

This illustrates that anxiety can stem from all kinds of sources, not necessarily related to pregnancy at all.  So, I hear you thinking, is it possible to overcome these issues, and what if you can't think of any reasons that might cause anxiety?  This is where the process of clinical hypnosis is hugely beneficial.  Through this process it is possible to access any hidden worries, and once they have been identified they can be resolved.  Every person has the resources they need within him/herself to resolve their own issues, they just need the right therapeutic approach to facilitate them.  Each person is different and that requires a therapist who is flexible in approach with a wide variety of tools at their disposal.

The power of the mind should never be underestimated.  Take the example of the young woman with high blood pressure, 20 weeks pregnant, but terrified that she would experience pre-eclampsia as she had on her first pregnancy.  The first pregnancy had ended with an abruption at 28 weeks resulting in an emergency caesarian, which was very traumatic.  Imagine then, this young woman's anxiety levels, knowing that again her blood pressure was rising to dangerous heights, and that this second pregnancy was with a different partner to the first one (which means that she would very probably experience pre-eclampsia this time too), she felt that the odds were seriously stacked against her - and she was right. 

This was a complex case, and I considered the first priority was to give her some relaxation strategies, for which I used hypnosis to establish a 'safe place' for her, where she could go to in her head to be calm and to feel completely protected and safe from harm.  The second priority was to remove the trauma of the first pregnancy to avoid exacerbating the blood pressure, and thereby a self fulfilling prophecy.  For this I used a process called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Re-processing), which is wonderful for taking the 'heat' out of any traumatic experience.  It is widely used for war verterans and disaster survivors.  The next priority was to help her to control her blood pressure and the volume of blood supply through the placenta, to create an even flow.  For this I used hypnosis with guided imagery.  I also made sure that I gave her an anchor (based on the Law of Dominant Effect, where two opposing emotions cannot be felt at the same time) which she could use when faced with any kind of challenge.

These were the techniques that I judged to be right for this patient.  The outcome was that she controlled her blood pressure, her pregnancy went full term and she gave birth naturally to a healthy little boy.  Of course, there is no scientific proof to say that my input empowered her to make the difference, it may just have been co-incidence, but she doesn't think so and I would have to agree - I believe she took every tool offered to her and worked very hard at keeping herself stable, and succeeded.

My point is this, there is concrete proof to show that anxiety can be reduced through therapeutic processes, if hypnosis can unlock hidden sources of anxiety, and EMDR can deal with trauma, then there is a good case for helping anxious couples who want to get pregnant, but, for some unknown reason, are not successful.  I do know of many cases where hypnosis has been used to help women, in particular, to relax and they have subsequently become pregnant.

Recent studies have also shown that hypnosis increases the likelihood of success for women being treated with IVF:

'Hypnosis can double the success of IVF treatment, researchers have claimed.  A team from Soroka University, Israel, found 28% of women in the group who were hypnotised became pregnant, compared with 14% of those who were not.' BBC News 

I sincerely believe that whatever is holding you back, if it is not something physiological, then it can be addressed and resolved, and hypnosis is a wonderful tool for enabling you to do just that.
www.dawnheather.com
blog: www.dawnheather.typepad.com

ASD and Hypnotherapy, Essex Institute

Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Hypnotherapy

A 5 day classroom-based intense study diploma course for professional therapists

The self-empowerment inherent in hypnotherapy has the potential to enable people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, particularly those with Higher Functioning Autism or Asperger's syndrome, to manage their own stress levels sufficiently well to avoid anxieties escalating, thereby improving social functioning.

The training encompasses the following important issues:

The nature of the Autism spectrum - social construct, inheritance, impairment. The advantages of an individualised approach for these individuals vs standardised delivery of generic services. The contra-indications of using a language based therapy with individuals whose interpretation may be different from the majority - alternatives to language. Facilitation of self-empowerment - autonomy and Rights.

The modules are designed to mesh smoothly with existing course content to an equivalent depth of information to the rest of the course material - whether higher or further education.

The following, and more, is delivered as an intensive course to qualified individuals over a 5-day period:

Understanding the Autism Spectrum including Asperger Syndrome What does it mean to have an ASD, particularly Asperger Syndrome? (This looks at how people see the world differently). How does it affect daily life, relationships, employment, career development? (This looks at issues of self image, and how negative associations are created) Symptom Presentation - Children and Adults DSM-IV, ICD-10 criteria (these are the standard mental health diagnostic manuals (American Psychiatric Association, WHO respectively) Diagnostic interview (alternative diagnostic procedures) Assessment procedures (standard assessments) - differential diagnosis and assessment - separating out other conditions (group participation) ASDs, anxiety disorder, stress, and depression Identification of arousal levels and triggers Identification of limiting beliefs and self sabotage Social phobia and other phobic responses Manifestation of acute/chronic anxiety - avoidance issues Contra-indications and Co-morbidities Additional conditions Language based techniques (group participation Risk assessment and management Functional analysis based interview (practical) Behaviour modification treatment programme (practical) Case Studies - Customised script writing Looking at examples Writing/adapting scripts (practical)

Only for the professional therapist

The course assumes that you have an at least adequate knowledge of clinical practice, and hypnosis or hypnotic induction techniques will not be taught during the study week. A variety of methods are used to resolve client difficulties and we will ensure that you are thoroughly conversant with all of them. In addition to this, the professionally prepared resource pack contains everything that is taught on the class and more.

At the end of the study week you will receive a 'take home' exam to complete within one month. Once successful, you will receive a Diploma which clearly illustrates that you have completed a bona fide study course and will also be eligible for a free entry on the register of EICH-trained specialist practitioners.

Course Tutors

This course directors are Dr. Dawn Heather and Christa Mackinnon of Mindsight both of whom have extensive knowledge and experience in the field of Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Course Dates, Times and Fees

The next course runs on the week commencing: Monday 23rd April 2007

Times: 10.00 am - 5.00 pm (1.00 pm finish on Friday 27th)

The total fee for the entire course is only £450.00 which may be paid by cheque, bankers draft or Credit card. A deposit of £50.00 is required at the time of booking

Overweight and Undervalued

This is the story of a young girl who, at 13 yrs of age, weighed over 17 stone, however, it could be the story of many youngsters.  For the sake of confidentiality we will call her ‘Sally’.

Sally’s mother brought Sally to me in the desperate search for a ‘cure’ that would change Sally’s eating habits, money was no object, she just wanted a solution for Sally.  According to Sally’s mother, the nutritionist, whom they saw regularly, did little more than weigh Sally and to blame her mother for buying sweets and chocolate. (Clue 1)

During the preliminary consultation, Sally’s mother was present as Sally was still a minor.    An interesting observation throughout the consultation was that Sally’s mother spoke for her, and interrupted Sally, often correcting her responses to direct questions. (Clue 2)  Her mother openly acknowledged that Sally would try to please everyone and would give the answers she thought people wanted.  With permission from her mother and from Sally it was agreed that treatment would take place with Sally alone.

Over the first few sessions it emerged very clearly that Sally’s confidence and self-esteem were extremely low, she felt pressured from all sides to resolve her eating habits, and viewed herself as inadequate and a failure.  The focus at home was on what Sally ate, how often, and on how much she weighed. (Clue 3)  What was also significant was that Sally’s mother was also extremely overweight, and, although she denied that she had a problem with her weight she had put herself and Sally on slimming pills, and tested her own urine each morning for diabetes. (Clue 4)

During the first few sessions, I used hypnosis to boost Sally’s self esteem and also provided her with an ‘anchor’ to help resist the temptation of giving into the eating habit when she was anxious or bored.  At the same time Sally and I worked together to improve her daily life-style – increasing the amount of daily water intake, installing a very small exercise regime eg 10 sit-ups and a dance routine to her favourite music.  This may seem small but the strategies needed to be acceptable, do-able, and sufficiently unobtrusive to become habitual. (Multi disciplinary approach)

As time passed it became apparent that Sally was bored, her self-esteem was better and she was more confident, but her mother worked a lot and, during the summer holidays, Sally was alone for most of the time – their house was quite a way from town – and there was a special chocolate and sweets box in the kitchen, from which Sally was allowed to have one or two items.  (Clue 5) Discussions with Sally’s mother revealed that the family viewed Sally’s obesity as her problem, and her mother was not prepared to deprive the other members of the family of their treats just because Sally had this problem. (Clue 6)

My response was direct and factual -  I provided a written report to Sally’s mother for her to consider seriously with her husband.  I outlined the route to success as being through team effort – I felt there was little possibility of Sally overcoming her difficulties single-handed, whilst the family continued to see them as separate.  (It is difficult for a child such as Sally to take the lead – in an ideal situation her mother would set the example.)  I asked that Sally’s parents should consider working with me as a team to shift the emphasis from food as rewards, and to move away from processed foods, sweets and chocolate to more healthy options.  I went to great pains to provide nutritional information on the ‘treats’ which are, in fact, poisons – the effects of MSG, Aspartame, processed foods, fast foods, sugar-rush, and I also explained carefully where I believe the origins of  comfort eating lie.

Comfort Eating:

As newly born infants, we, as a species, are completely dependent for everything – we have a built in mechanism to alert those around us to our needs – we cry – to be cleaned, to be fed, and to have any other basic needs attended to.  The time when we are most comfortable is when we are being fed – we are held close, cuddled, our tummies our filled so the pain of hunger is assuaged and we are warm and satisfied.  We also learn to recognise that we control our environment in this way.  This association between food and comfort is reinforced throughout our very early development.  It should be no surprise then that we easily fall into the behaviour of seeking out food later in life when we are in need of those feelings of comfort – whatever the reason.  The ‘sugar-rush’ experienced with sweet foods makes these prime candidates for ‘comfort-eating’.  (By the same token the association with food as a reward is learned – so that some foods are regarded as ‘treats’.  Don’t we all know that one!!)

Once the family had had time to consider the content of the report I met with Sally’s mother to hear their views.  She agreed that it would be in everyone’s interest to revise the family life-style, and the first step would be to substitute the sweets and chocolates for more wholesome, perhaps home-made foods.

Sally loved flowers and she expressed an interest in the nearby nursery where it was possible she might be able to help out – which, I hoped, would help overcome her boredom.

The most difficult aspect of this case, were the mixed messages both Sally and I were being given:

Sally adores her mother, her mother is very dominant and is the pivotal member of the family.  Sally looks like her mother, same shape, colouring, mannerisms etc.  Mother states that she has no problem with her own weight and is happy as she is, but she regards Sally as having a problem.

So here are the questions which arose in my head first:

* Sally wants to please, and therefore emulates her mother – her mother is critical of Sally and Sally’s weight, yet states she is happy with her own weight – what must Sally do to please?  (result – inner conflict)

* Food is used as rewards in Sally’s household, but Sally is not allowed to have any rewards – how can Sally feel rewarded for her achievements?  (result – inner conflict)

* Sally’s mother is often working, Sally gets bored and feels guilty – so then Sally seeks comfort by eating – and then feels more guilty – how can Sally break this cycle?  (result – more inner conflict)

The way in which to resolve the inner conflict this young girl experienced needed total commitment, not just from Sally, but also from me, and, most of all, from her family.

The family helped Sally to get a part-time job in the nursery – she felt very good about this and her self-esteem improved.  However, I began to notice discrepancies between Sally’s version of events and her mother’s.  (Clue 7)  Then it emerged that Sally’s mother was not able to keep her part of the bargain and continued to buy sweets and chocolate, and to use food as a reward for her other children. 

When I challenged Sally’s mother on the agreement we made, she explained that she was doing as we agreed, and she had only bought a few Kit Kats, but she was working at lot and didn’t have time to do any more.  (Clue 8)

After that, Sally did not come to me again.

My point is this, the issue of over-eating is wider than just the individual – it is a family responsibility and also a cultural one.

Let’s go through the 8 clues that I have identified within this text:

1. Other professionals had identified that there was a home influence in Sally’s eating habits.

2. Sally’s mother completely dominated Sally.

3. Everything revolved around Sally’s eating behaviour at home and she was constantly under observation, being weighed every day.

4. Sally’s mother was in denial about her own health issues.

5. Treats, in the form of sweets and chocolate, were available in the home, but rationed for Sally.

6. Sally was viewed as having a problem in isolation from the rest of the family.

7. There was a lack of honesty within themselves, between each other, and between them and me.

8. Sally was not a priority for her mother in practice.

Overall this is a complex case, involving not just Sally, but her whole family and their life style.  The effects of the cultural influences that have gradually seduced us into believing that sweets, chocolate, cakes etc are treats and can be used as rewards, are clearly demonstrated in this case.  Equally, the very mixed messages that this young girl was receiving exacerbated the inner conflict and confusion, serving to disempower her even further.

I have no way of knowing whether Sally has changed her life-style, or whether she is continuing to eat herself into ill health.  Perhaps she will have to wait until she is an adult to take control of her life – I can only hope that she will do it sooner rather than later.  Very few of Sally’s issues were about food, they were more to do with her low self-worth and low self-esteem – feeling of no value, unwanted, unattractive, and unable to achieve – and in response to these negative feelings, trying to find some way of feeling better and to have some control.

 

Does any of this sound familiar?  If so, what can we do?  My response is this:

* Let’s work on the underpinning psychological aspects rather than focusing solely on the eating and weight issues

* Let’s engage the whole family in taking a positive lead

* Let’s devise a multi-disciplinary six-month programme that is led by the person, that empowers the person, and his/her family, through increased self-esteem, behavioural strategies, and progress awareness

There is no doubt that, as a species, we are very adaptable creatures, and this has enhanced our survival in the long term, but our adaptability can also work against us when we are involved in a process that has gradual results, such as weight loss.  We find it difficult to perceive the gradual differences in our bodies as we lose the weight – we forget how we were when we began.

When a drastic change occurs in a short space of time, then an expectation is created that this should be repeated, when this expectation is not met we feel disheartened, and, instead of recognising our overall progress, we feel negative and need to be comforted.  It is, therefore, essential that perception and awareness are facilitated every step of the way, so that improvements in mood, energy levels, concentration, activities, social interactions, and every facet of daily life are taken into consideration.  By switching focus, food and weight can be de-emphasised, so that general well-being can be enhanced, and, with a healthier life-style, the weight will naturally reduce. 

Beauty is not about being thin – beauty is about being healthy and feeling valued.

Personal Empowerment Therapy: Dr Dawn Heather, Camborne Complementary Healing Centre:

Tel: 01209 711504 www.dawnheather.com

email:

dawn@dawnheather.com

Beating Anorexia

This is a story about one young woman’s triumph over Anorexia, one of the most serious conditions affecting young people today.  I met her when she came to me for therapy, she was at her wits end, having tried a variety of interventions already, including counselling, and Relate.  We will call her Mrs H for anonymity.

Mrs H was desperately upset about the fact that her husband had left her for another woman a year ago.  He had been having emotional difficulties himself at the time and quickly realised that he had made a serious mistake.  The two had got back together again, but Mrs H could not rid herself of her own feelings of abandonment, and inadequacy, and had developed a compulsion to talk to ‘the other woman’.   The consequences of this were that Mrs H was displaying all the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa – her weight had dropped to 6.5 stones, her hair was falling out, she cried all the time and was indulging in obsessive exercise regimes.

These days most of us are familiar with the phrases ‘eating disorders’ and ‘Anorexia Nervosa’, which is a sad reflection on how commonplace these illnesses have become.  But just how commonplace are they?
 
Here are some frightening statistics:

* Eating disorders are responsible for the highest number of deaths from psychiatric illness.    
* The Eating Disorders Association estimates that about 165,000 people in the UK have eating disorders with 10% dying as a result, but experts believe it could be higher.
* Most sufferers are women, but one in 10 are now men.’
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/1079435.stm

For conditions that are so commonplace, how do we know when someone is at risk?  Fo instance, would you know if one of your friends, or a member of your family, was falling prey to this illness?  At what point do friends and family recognise that something out of ordinary is taking place?  What are the telling signs?  And would you know what to do?

Here are the most common symptoms:

* Deliberately losing weight
* Thinking they are much fatter than they really are and that their body is out of proportion
* often wearing baggy clothes to hide how thin they really are
* tending not to be honest about how much they eat, and about everything to do with food.
* Wanting to eat and feeling hungry, but terrified of the consequences of eating
* Hating the way they look, feeling they are ugly, fat and unlovable
* Preoccupation with how they look, spending hours deciding what to wear
* Punishing themselves when they do eat something they feel they shouldn’t

Mrs H: ‘My eating disorder started when my husband left me…….I lost a lot of weight, I just couldn’t eat, even if I wanted to, I was so heartbroken…..I thought I looked good at six and a half stone – but my friends and family didn’t.’

Interestingly, Mrs H’s symptoms worsened when her husband returned to her:

Mrs H: ‘I was so afraid of putting on weight, I thought he would leave me again….I started to put weight back on naturally, but it freaked me out – I started obsessing about the way I looked, I exercised a lot, constantly looked in the mirror, pinching and squeezing the fat away, I spent hours crying.’

There are severe health risks associated with this disorder, mainly caused by the undereating (starvation). Problems that may occur include the following:

* Amenorrhoea - Menstrual periods usually stop.
* Thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This can lead to easily fractured bones.
* Swelling of hands, feet and face (due to fluid disturbances).
* Anaemia.
* Depression.
* Delayed puberty, stunted growth and delayed physical development if anorexia occurs in younger age groups.
* Loss of sex drive (libido). http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23069106/

In terms of treatment for Anorexia, there are various approaches depending upon the  theoretical background of the clinicians.  Most would agree that a multi-dimensional approach is essential in both assessment and treatment.

As a society, we are becoming increasingly obsessive and/or addictive in our behaviours.  Never have we been more aware of the effects of irregular eating habits than we are today, and what I find very disturbing is the propensity we seem to have for self-injurious conditions such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and also over-eating.

‘According to the Mental Health Foundation current estimates suggest that up to 1 per cent of women in the UK between the ages of 15 and 30 suffer from anorexia nervosa, and between 1 and 2 per cent suffer from bulimia nervosa. As many cases of eating disorder are unreported or undiagnosed, the actual figures are likely to be much higher. Eating disorders are much more likely to occur among women than men. However, for anorexia, there is also evidence to suggest that in the younger age group (7–14 years), up to 25 per cent of cases are boys.’ http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/eating.html

What is the outlook (prognosis)?

Studies where people with anorexia have been followed up for a number of years show the following:

* About 4 in 10 fully recover.
* About 3-4 in 10 improve, but continue to have some eating problems, but not full blown anorexia. About 2 in 10 continue to have anorexia.
* Some develop bulimia nervosa instead. About 1 in 20 will have died from causes related to anorexia. Causes of death include infections, dehydration, blood chemistry problems (such as low potassium levels) and suicide.

Why is there such an increase in the incidence of these eating patterns?    Is Anorexia or Bulimia the result of becoming excessively image-conscious or controlling?  Or is there something else?

It is probably fair to say that all of these influences play a part, but there are subtle differences.  For instance, over-eating has an underlying association with comfort, warmth, love and rewards.  As newly born infants, we, as a species, are completely dependent for everything – we have a built in mechanism to alert those around us to our needs – we cry – to be cleaned, to be fed, and to have any other basic needs attended to.  The time when we are most comfortable is when we are being fed – we are held close, cuddled, our tummies our filled so the pain of hunger is assuaged and we are warm and satisfied.  We are also in control of our environment and feel ‘replete’. 
This association with food is reinforced throughout our very early development.  It should be no surprise then that we easily fall into the behaviour of seeking out food later in life when we are in need of those feelings of comfort – whatever the reason.  The ‘sugar-rush’ experienced with sweet foods makes these prime candidates for ‘comfort-eating’.

Anorexia and Bulimia can both be associated with feelings of disempowerment, inadequacy, and feeling out of control.  As vulnerable youngsters, the messages we receive from others affect our self-image and our self-worth.  If we are constantly undermined, or if we feel powerless, then this will trigger a behavioural response which will be specific to each personality, but that will inevitably involve some sort of controlling element.  If this behavioural response continues unchecked, it becomes automatic and then difficult to stop – but not impossible.

For those who have no problem with over-eating or with maintaining a healthy body weight, the problem has a simple remedy – just reduce the amount you eat – or -  eat more.  So why is it not that easy?

I believe it is because the issue is not about the food, but about low self-worth and low self-esteem – feeling of no value, unwanted, unattractive, and unable to achieve.  If these things are true, then how have we managed to create a population of people who feel inadequate, and what can we do about it? 

As far as I can tell, there has never been a period in history where life-styles have been so easy and yet morale has been so low – everywhere we turn we see examples of people seeking some sort of control over their lives.  The rising prevalence of life coaches, cosmetic surgery, therapies, recovery programmes, and dietary aids, indicates a whole society that is low in self-worth and feeling disempowered. 

Firstly, there is no one ‘cure-all’ – every person is different, although their behaviours may resemble those of others.  This is because there is a finite number of possible behaviours that our species can execute.  Also people change  - so any regime that is rigid will, inevitably, be time-limited.

How can we then empower each person to meet challenges, to value themselves, and maintain their recovery in a world that continuously challenges?  This process requires: a high degree of intuition; empathy; skill; flexibility; versatility; but most of all realism.  It is essential to understand that when a particular behaviour is triggered and becomes deep-seated and habitual ie automatic, there may always be that propensity to revert to that same habitual behaviour in times of crisis or boredom.  So any intervention must be structured to engage the person fully, whilst being sufficiently flexible and versatile to move with her/him as he/she develops and adapts – and it must provide a strategy for life!

My own approach begins with some detective work:

1. Identify the behaviour
2. What is its function ie what does it do for the person
3. Identify any actual and potential triggers that cause the behavioural response
4. Identify when the behaviour occurs (frequency, time of day) along with any patterns or cycling
5. Locate the origins of the behaviour – what is the first memory of it
6. Identify the emotional associations – before, during and after

It continues with selecting the therapeutic techniques:

a) assess the person’s current emotional state through interview and observation
b) provide appropriate support to reduce any anxieties – (clinical hypnosis is a wonderful drug-free method for this)
c) negotiate a plan of action with the individual – identify goals and small achievable steps
d) ensure that self-worth and self-image are restored to acceptable levels
e) introduce practical strategies that are appropriate to the person’s life style and issues
f) re-visit the origins of the behaviour safely under hypnosis – and repeat this process, thereby reaching a resolution for each aspect

The above steps may need to be repeated a number of times in order to address all of the issues for someone – it is a complex process just as people are complex.  However, gradually the triggers for the behaviour become desensitised, then we are left with the habit/addiction/obsession which must be re-structured into something harmless. For the anorexic this must be an activity that reinforces their control, and for the comfort eater this must be something that provides an equal level of comfort in times of stress or boredom.  In both cases the strategy must be negotiated with the person so that it is both achievable and acceptable both in the short and long term, and it must be practised so that it becomes second nature to them. 

The point to remember is that learned behaviours can be supplanted by new learned behaviours – with the correct facilitation.

Over a period of 10 weeks (weekly visits), using a variety of techniques drawn from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, EMDR, and Psychoanalysis,  Mrs H worked through each aspect of her mental state – her attitudes towards herself, her husband, her children and also her own upbringing.  By reframing some of her beliefs, providing her with anchors and helping her establish a daily structure, she was able to reduce her anxiety and feelings of inadequacy.  I watched this young woman blossom into a confident, happy, well balanced human being.  Seeing her delight at being able to enjoy life with her family, without becoming obsessive or self-punishing, was a truly wonderful experience. 

If I have any message for anyone out there who is suffering, it is this – you have the inner resources to resolve your issues, you just need to find the right therapist to facilitate that for you. 

Personal Empowerment Therapy: Dr Dawn Heather, Camborne Complementary Healing Centre:
Tel: 01209 711504 www.dawnheather.com
email: dawn@dawnheather.com